Community Health- Communicable Diseases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Community Health- Communicable Diseases - Essay Example This highly transmissible virus is spread via coughing, sneezing, contact with infected nasal or throat secretions or physical contact with infected individual. It can remain in the air or infected surface in its active virulent form for as long as two hours. Infected individuals can spread the virus from four days before up to four days after the manifestation of the signs or symptoms (Center for Disease Control (CDC), 2012). Respiratory diseases such as measles and Tuberculosis are usually very communicable because most of them are transmitted airborne. Care should be taken to ensure that in case of an outbreak the disease is contained within the shortest time possible to prevent an epidemic. Epidemiological Indicators Epidemiological indicators may be confused as they are similar to normal flu; however there are key indicators that would help one identify the symptoms with ease. Measles is characterized by high fever with temperatures higher or equal to 38.70 C, red watery eyes (a condition referred to as conjuvitis), runny nose and cough. These manifest 6 to10 days after infection with the virus. There is appearance of a red discolored rash on the face and the upper neck area accompanied by appearance of white-bluish spots in the buccal cavity, inside the cheeks. Similar rashes to those on the face and upper neck region, eventually spread to other parts of the body including the feet later. The rash disappears on its own, 5-6 days after its onset. Complications are very rare but when the immune system is compromised or in very severe cases, measles can lead to encephalitis, damage and infections to the middle respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia and diarrhea. Laboratory analysis involves Enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay, positive serologic analysis of IgM measles antibodies and significant increase in IgG measles antibody levels or by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of the virus from a medical case (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Ac cording to Killewo (2010) is to watch for the median value between the time when the rashes appear and when they reappear. Killewo continues to explain that epdeniological indicators show that the disease mostly affects children less than five years old and the very elderly. A study conducted in 2006 Somalia revealed that the disease mostly affects malnourished children leading to 50% to 80% of the deaths. Epidemiological indicators are important because they help doctors and practitioners to come up with effective preventive measures. Infection with measles remains high in regions where it is still endemic like some places in Africa and Asia. Most of these places are at high risk due to poor economy and poor coordination in and decentralized health systems. War conflicts and natural outbreaks have great significance in deadly measles outbreaks. The disease also spreads at great pace due to high population and low nutrition associated with these regions especially due to overcrowdin g in camps. However, most countries have been able to put it under control by introduction of measles vaccine. In the mid 20th century, as many as close to 1 million cases of measles infections were reported in the United States. Thanks to the measles vaccine, this number has reduced to as low as 150 cases as reported in the United States towards the end of the 20th century. Such progress led to the disease being declared

Cross-cultural communication Essay Example for Free

Cross-cultural communication Essay Cross-cultural communication is an art which cannot be practiced without verbal and non-verbal communication. Interacting with people of the same culture requires certain skills so interacting across different cultures is a task ahead. Every culture doesn’t only have its own language but also has a unique set of codes and customs; this makes verbal and non-verbal communication both important. With over 3000 languages and many dialects spoken in the world today, it is impossible for everybody to learn all of them. This humungous variety that is available creates problems for the cross-cultural communication. Apart from this the way words are uttered; the accents used add to the problem. In this case, the standard language makes cross-cultural communication easier. For instance one form of Arabic language is most common so it is widely used; Modern Standard Arabic. The same way an official language is given preference when interacting with people of different cultures. A country having many provinces synchronizes on a national language. Every province may have a different language but there is one language which is common to all. The same way the standard language for communicating across countries and continents is English. It is the most widely spoken language in the world and helps to overcome many ethnic differences. The reason that English is proved helpful in breaking barriers is that it is derived from other languages so many cultures can easily relate to it. Language is especially important when the interaction is not on face to face basis. In this type of interaction one cannot get the aid of body language and communication is solely dependent on words. Etiquettes over here emphasize the importance of verbal communication. People should take care of their words; they shouldn’t offend others while speaking. A word which means something good in one language might mean something totally appalling in the other. Care must be taken while selecting words for cross-cultural communication. Slang language especially should be avoided. While the importance of verbal communication is obvious and can be easily seen, the importance of non-verbal communication comes through experience and knowledge. The value of non-verbal communication is in fact greater than that of verbal communication across cultures. When the verbal communication is weak, non-verbal communication is relied upon. Gestures, eye contact, physical appearance, touch, expressions, silence and behavior speak a lot when we fall short of words. Majority of French people don’t understand English language and only communicate in their own language. When tourists visit their homeland it gets difficult for them to communicate. This is where non-verbal communication becomes very important. Actions help in communicating and letting people of different cultures interact without language. Some gestures are world widely same, others may show one thing in one culture and another in another culture. (Reisinger, 2009). Personal space or physical proximity is also an important non-verbal communication element. In some cultures, people dislike standing too close and maintain some distance between them while in others people stand pretty close while talking and consider it rude to stand apart. To make cross-cultural communication easier people are learning more languages but it is also very important to research other cultures and understand their non-verbal communication. Even if language skills are not appropriate, messages can be conveyed if body language is used correctly. It is said that non-verbal communication makes the first impression because even before a person opens the mouth to utter a word, an impression is made. (LeBaron, 2003). Non-verbal interaction is important during face-to-face communication. It can occur through the sensory channels- sight, sound, smell, touch or taste. Listeners process the non-verbal communication apart from the verbal one. Charles Darwin was the first man to conduct a study of non-verbal communication. His book â€Å"The Expressions of the Emotions of Man and Animals was published in 1872. In this writing he argued that animals show emotions on their faces so they communicate a lot without speaking (Davis, 1999). It is said that verbal communication is more important in public speaking and non-verbal communication is very important in interpersonal relationships. Also it is considered more polite is ideas are conveyed by non-verbal cues rather than verbal, especially in embarrassing situations. There are five primary functions of nonverbal bodily behavior in human communication: †¢ Express emotions †¢ Express interpersonal attitudes †¢ To accompany speech in managing the cues of interaction between speakers and listeners †¢ Self-presentation of one’s personality †¢ Rituals (greetings) Another important thing is that during non-verbal communication it is easier to catch someone who is not speaking the truth. Facial expressions and hand movements tell a lot. This also helps the interviewers when people go abroad in search of jobs. An interesting point of view of non-verbal communication is that it is rich in beauty. Cultural dance competitions are held and different cultures perform their own dances. Without speaking a whole story is formed and the message is conveyed. This is the beauty of non-verbal communication (Storti, 1994). It is important to address issues of both verbal and non-verbal communication. It is because in this competitive age those who have an edge over others and are good at everything are successful. References: Storti, C. , 1994, â€Å"Cross-Cultural Dialogues†, Available at http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/cross-cultural/book/crosscultural-dialogues. html [ Accessed May 12, 2010] Davis, L. ,1999, â€Å"Doing Culture: Cross-Cultural Communication in Action†, Available at http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/cross-cultural/book/communication-action. html[ Accessed May 12, 2010] LeBaron, M. ,2003, â€Å"Cross-Cultural Communication, Available at http://www. beyondintractability. org/essay/cross-cultural_communication/ [ Accessed May 12, 2010]

Death of a Salesman Analysis

Death of a Salesman Analysis The End OF American Dream Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, tells the story of Willy Loman, a salesman who reflects on the frustrations and failures of his life, which are due to his beliefs in the American dream and the experience. The general idea behind the American Dream is that people are capable of succeeding. Success requires one to work hard and to be dedicated to both their professional and family lives. People often misconstrue the concept behind the dream in thinking that wealth defines success. Failing to acknowledge the importance of hard work in achieving the American Dream is another aspect of this misconception. Willys quest for the American Dream eventually ends in failure, as he is one who has continuously been chasing the illusion, as opposed to the reality of it. His perfectionist attitude toward his dream, his obsession with success, and his constant reminiscence to the past that contribute to his defeat in the end. By ignoring the present, Willy fails to deal with reality. He has a tendency of living in the past and thinking of the future. He always thinks that if he had done something differently than this could have happened, or things will get better as time passes. His habit of distorting the past, never allows Willy to realize what is going on right then and there in the present. At one time, when Willy goes off down memory lane, he says to Biff and Happy, America is full of beautiful towns and fine, upstanding people. And they know me, boys the finest people therell be open sesame for all of us, cause one thing boys: I have friends. I can park my car in any street and the cops protect it like their own. Willy makes this distortion of the past in order to make he believe that he has achieved the American Dream. At times when doing this was not possible, Willy looks to the future and thinks he can still achieve it then. For instance, he has this dream of having a big, spectacular funeral. I n the end when Willy dies, at his funeral, Linda says, Why didnt anybody come Where are all the people he knew? . All his life, he holds on to this fantasy, but he never faces the reality of how he could have made it come true. It is his vision of the people of the past that lead Willy to follow a particular path, leading to his demise in the end. By disregarding the present, Willy fails to manage reality. He has an inclination of living in the past and thinking of the future. He generally believes that in the event that he had accomplished something uniquely in contrast to this could have happened, or things will show signs of improvement over the long haul. His propensity for twisting the past, never permits Willy to acknowledge what is going on at that moment in the present. At one time, when Willy goes off through a world of fond memories, he says to Biff and Happy, America is loaded with wonderful towns and fine, upstanding individuals. Whats more, they know me, young men the finest individuals therell be open sesame for every one of us, cause one thing young men: I have companions. I can stop my auto in any road and the cops ensure it like their own. Willy makes this bending of the past keeping in mind the end goal to make he trust that he has accomplished the American Dream. Now and again while doing this was impractica l, Willy looks to the future and supposes he can even now accomplish it then. For example, he has this fantasy of having a major, fantastic burial service. At last when Willy bites the dust, at his memorial service, Linda says, Why didnt anyone come Where are every one of the general population he knew? . All his life, he clutches this dream, however he never confronts the truth of how he could have made it work out. It is his vision of the general population of the past that lead Willy to take after a specific way, prompting to his destruction at last. The success attained by Willys role models, Dave Singleman, and Ben, is what he envisions to be the American Dream. He only visualizes the end product, being successful, and not the process they may have gone through to achieve that success. Willys father sold flutes and made that his living. In an encounter with his thoughts of the past, Willy listens to Ben, his brother, who refers to Dave Singleman by saying, Great Inventor, Father. With one gadget he made more in a week than a man like you could make in a lifetime. Willy assumes that by being a salesman, like Dave Singleman is that he will automatically be guaranteed success, and that it was not something that he would have to work for. Material success, such as money, luxury, and wealth, and popularity are his goals and his definition of success. On the other hand, self-fulfilment and happiness through hard work is not. By only focusing on the outer appearance of the American Dream, Willy ignores the reality of the hard work and dedication required to obtain it. His constant preoccupation with being successful, being well-liked, and attaining that Dream with the perfect job, the perfect family, and the perfect life, never leaves his mind. The unattainable part of Willys notion of the American Dream is perfection. This illusion shadows Willy as it takes him through his life. He has this set picture in his mind of how everything should be: a good job, a high paying salary, a wonderful family with smart kids and a perfect housewife, being well-liked, being happy, and having no problems at all. Because Willy has this perception of how life should be, any entity that does not fit his viewpoint turns out as this huge ordeal. This obsession of perfection is a reason for why, in reality, he did not have a happy family. By trying to make his family fit the image of the American Dream, he actually caused their unhappiness. Failing at this attempt of perfecting his family is just one example of Willys many mistakes. Due to the fact that he is a so-called perfectionist, accomplishment is never evident to Willy. Once he reaches any goal, he never sees the good in it; instead he only sees what he could have done better. Perfection is just a figment of the imagination, an elusive illusion, just as the American Dream is in Willys mind. Willy Loman portrays a common man, who lives a life that is purely an illusion. Although Willy has good intentions, his tragic flaw is that he focuses only on the appearance of the American Dream and never on the reality, the work ethic, or how to achieve it. Willy brings about his own downfall, his defeat, because he tries to pursue this superficial idea. Miller includes this theme of the American Dream in his social criticism in an attempt to portray the deviation in the values of society. For instance, materialism and technological advances, causes the American Dream to change as times changes. The salesman is a position that has declining importance at the time. He shows that an individuals values are based on what society has established. Yet, as society changes, the values one has may not, causing conflict between the society and the individual

Nowadays :: Business and Management Studies

Nowadays Nowadays, analysing competition is crucial for managers in order to understand the environment in which the business evolves, its competitors (their goals, plans etc) as well as implement strategies and position their companies. They can use a wide variety of techniques, each having its strengths and weaknesses. According to Prescott and Grant (1988), to select the appropriate techniques, managers have to know the different techniques available, how they are related to each other, the focus and scope of the area and the constraints limiting the extent of analysis. To analyse competition efficiently, they have to combine some of the different techniques available as they all have a specific aim. However, there are limitations that managers have to take into consideration in order to provide a clear and effective work. This essay outlines and evaluates the main weaknesses when understanding the business environment. They vary by nature. They can come from the interpretation of the managers and from the models themselves. However, they are in relation to each other, one flaw leading to another one. When analysing competition, the starting point is to precisely define the industry the firm belongs to and its boundaries. Managers may focus on the market of their company, narrowing their definition of the industry. They then forget or less consider other segments that can change quickly and have impact on the whole industry. According to Zahra and Chaples( 1993) â€Å"an effective definition of industry boundaries requires consideration of four interrelated issues: domain (where does the industry begin and end), customer group (sector to be served and their specific needs), customer functions (customer need and specific patterns) and critical technology (production, marketing and administrative system)†. Each point enables to define the competition more and more precisely. In addition to these issues, managers have to take time into consideration. Reviewing their business’ definition, the shape of the industry and the market over the time is crucial as industries change. Prahalad (1995) states that â€Å"many industries are undergoing massive transformation. Deregulation, global excess capacity, global competition, mergers and acquisitions, changing customer expectations, technological discontinuities [†¦] are changing industries, creating new industries and opening up new and large growth markets for existing businesses.† For instance, chemical companies enter the pharmaceutical industry by making alliances with young biotechnology companies, not considered as a threat by the pharmaceutical companies. This change in the industry led the pharmaceutical companies to redefine the industry and its boundaries as well as their strategy. Managers need to be vigilant in identifying its competitors. A poor identification leads to a wrong positioning and a possible long time response to the different actions coming from those undetected rivals. This identification is dependent on the managers’ perceptions and how

Recreation Wellness Essay

Manage Your Health, Inc. (MYH) is a fortune 500 company that provides a variety of health care services across the globe. MYH has more than 20,000 full time employees and more than 5,000 part-time employees. MYH recently updated its strategic plan, and key goals include exploiting new web-based technology to help employees, customers, and suppliers work together to improve the development and delivery of its health care products and services. The performance of the current intranet MYH is not very smooth and has some problem occur likes lack of the information which related of some sports and the employees of MYH not active involve in any sports which organize by the company. This will indirectly makes the employees of the MYH will become not energetic when perform the daily working tasks due to this, this will make the customer lost confidence on MYH because MYH is a health care services across the globe. So, the MYH decide to update the strategic plan. Some ideas have developed for supporting the strategic goal which idea by the information technology department. Approach of the project: Exploiting new web-based technology to improve the development and Delivery of health like giving some information and guideline to the employee what is the project main purpose. Make an easy way to them purpose. Make an easy way to them hope they can understand well. Develop detailed cost estimate and time requirement for the project and report to the project sponsor. Using the prototyping methodology to performs the analysis, design, and Implementation phases concurrently and repeats them until the system completed. Issue a request to obtain software and hardware Have a status review meetings to exchange project information with team members. Recreation and Wellness Intranet Project is the new web-based technology which provides an application on the current intranet to help employees to improve their health. Our project team will initiate the current problem of the intranet and implement the new idea on the new intranet project. We will prepare the business case for the current intranet project which included the introduction of the company, business objective, current situation and problem and critical assumption and constraints. Besides that, analysis of option and recommendation, preliminary project requirements, budget estimate and financial analysis, schedule estimate, potential risks and the exhibits which will assign it into our business case. We will start this project within the duration, nine months which start on January, 2004 until September, 2004. Project charter will be preparing from the initiating phase which include the project title, project start date, project finish date, budget information, project manager and project objectives. All of the criteria will stated down. Besides those criteria, approach, roles and responsibilities, sigh-off and the comments also assign into the project charter to make sure every of the project team members will have their own roles and responsibilities. After initiating the current problem of the current intranet, we will analysis the new system which will implement it into the MYH. In the planning phase, our project manager, Tony will starting to put the jobs and assign it to the project team members and also from other departments. Tony, the project manager of this project would have to develop a survey to solicit input from all employees about this new system and make sure it was very user- friendly. Tony will develop a team contract and stakeholder analysis for this project. Besides that, he will develop a scope statement and will be as specific as possible in describing product characteristics and requirement, as well as the product deliverables. A work breakdown structure (WBS) will develop for this project and the WBS is based on the project charter, scope statement, and other relevant information. Gantt chart and network diagram also will be well prepared for this project. While preceding the planning stage, the resource usage cash flow report will showing the hours each person is assigned to work on each task each week.  Furthermore, the probability/ impact matrix and list of prioritized risks for the project will be included in the project We will submit weekly milestone reports directly to the Chief Financial Officer (CFO). The milestone repost for the project will base on information in the Gantt chart. An agenda for the project team meeting will develop to work through some of the challenges while facing in executing the project. Update the scope of the project while having some changes in the executing phase. We will develop detailed lists of assumptions and questions that all the project team has related to the new scope of the project. We will decide to outsourcing much of work related to user requirements, user interface design, and collecting information about similar programs offered through the health club chain MYH recently acquired and all similar community- sponsored programs within twenty miles from the company. Updated the Gantt chart and also the project charter and the scope statement last but not least, we will updated the list of prioritized risks while the changes of the scope statement. After the controlling phase, roll out the intranet project for the user and maintaining the system is been required. Final presentation to top management will be require and will updated the project web site so that is includes all final project and product deliverables. Final project report/ Project assessment: The Recreation and Wellness Intranet project is provide an application to improve the employees’ health. The objectives of having this intranet is because a recent study was been found that MYH, Inc. pays 20 percent more than the industry average for employee health care premiums, primarily due to the poor health of its employees. This application will help improve employee health within one year of its rollout so that can negotiate lower premiums, saving about $30/employee/year for the full-time employees over the next four years. The application would include/produce some capabilities like allow employees to register for company- sponsored recreational programs, such as soccer, softball, bowling, jogging, walking, and other sports. Besides that, it allows employees to register for the company-sponsored classes and programs to help them manage their weight, reduce stress, stop smoking, and manage other health-related issues. Track data on employees involvement in these recreational and health management  programs and also offer incentives for people to join the programs and do well in them is a part of the capabilities of this application. The project is a success because as stated above, the sponsor was not too concerned about going over budget as long as the system would have a good payback period and help promote our firm’s image. We have already document some financial and image benefits of the new intranet site. The project management tools we have been use for are the business case, charter, team contract, scope statement, WBS, schedule, cost baseline, status report, final project presentation, final project report, lessons-learned report, and Microsoft Word, Excel, Access, Project, html, or PDF format, as appropriate. and any other documents required to manage the project. Thos project management had help us a lots while assigning the whole project by proceeding the system easily and be more systematic so that we can review the information easily. One example of what went right on this project is can help improve employee health to reduce intranet cost by negotiates lower employee health care premiums. When employees have a better health, it can lead to better performance in daily company operation. Beside that, it also can increase employee motivation and loyalty to company and helps to built up healthy image public. One example of what went wrong on this project is the cost of this project was over budget. We did meet our schedule goal, and the final cost for the whole system was about $500,000. We group member can learn by working on this project is getting more experience after this project and improving their skill and problem solving. Project Deliverable, as appropriate: Project management-related deliverables: (business case, charter, team contract, scope statement, WBS, schedule, cost baseline, status reports, final project presentation, final project report, and lessons learned report, etc.) Product-related deliverables: 1. Survey: Survey current consultants and clients to help determine desired content and features for the site. 2. Files for templates: The initial site will include templates for the following items: (business case, charter, etc.) 3. Examples of completed templates: The initial site will include examples of projects that have used templates for the following items: business case, charter, etc. 4. File for tools: The initial site will include information on how to use several project management tools, including, as a minimum, the following: work breakdown structures, critical path analysis, cost estimates, earned value management, etc. Where appropriate sample files will be provided in the application software appropriate for the tool. 5. Example applications of tools: The initial site will include examples of projects that have applied tools for the following items: work breakdown structures, critical path analysis, cost estimates, earned value management, etc. 6. Articles: The initial site will include at least ten useful articles about relevant topics in project management. 7. Links: The initial site will include links along with brief descriptions of the site being linked to for at least twenty useful sites. The links will be categorized into meaningful groupings. 8. Expert database: In order to deliver a â€Å"Feedback† feature, the system must access a database of approved experts, their contact information, etc. 9. Intranet site content: The initial site will include content for the templates and tools section, articles section, links section, â€Å"Feedback† section, and security. 10. Test plan: The test plan will document how the site will be tested, who will do the testing, how bugs will be reported, etc. 11. Site promotion: A plan for promoting the new site will describe various approaches for soliciting inputs while designing the site as well as announcing the availability of the new site. Project benefit measurement plan: A plan for measuring the financial value of the site. Lessons Learned Report: Project Name: Recreational And Wellness Intranet Project Project Sponsor: Andrew Chao Project Managers: Tony Prepared by: Tony, Project Manager Chloe, Programmer/Analyst Patrick, Network Specialist Nancy, Business Analyst Bonnie, Programmer/Analyst Project Dates: 7/26/05 Final Budget: $500,000 1. Did the project meet scope, time, and cost goals? We did meet scope and time goals, but we had to request an additional $10,000, which the sponsor did approve. 2. What was the success criteria listed in the project scope statement? Below is what we put in our project scope statement under project success criteria: â€Å"Our goal is complete this project within nine months for no more than $400,000. The project sponsor, Andrew Chao, has emphasized the importance of the project paying for itself within one year after the intranet site is complete. To meet this financial goal, the intranet site must have strong user input. We must also develop a method for capturing the benefits while the intranet site is in development, tested, and after it is rolled out. If the project takes a little longer to complete or costs a little more than planned, the firm will still view it as a success if it has a good payback and helps promote the firm’s image as an excellent consulting organization.† 3. Reflect on whether or not you met the project success criteria. As stated above, the sponsor was not too concerned about going over budget as long as the system would have a good payback period and help promote our firm’s image. We have already documented some financial and image benefits of the new intranet site. For example, we have decided that we can staff the MYH with one less person, resulting in substantial cost savings. We have also received excellent feedback from several of our clients about the new intranet site. 4. In terms of managing the project, what were the lessons your team learned from this project?  The main lessons we learned include the following: Having a good project sponsor was instrumental to project success. We ran into a couple of difficult situations, and Tony was very creative in helping us solve problems. Teamwork was essential. It really helped to take time for everyone to get to know each other at the kick-off meeting. It was also helpful to  develop and follow a team contract. Good planning paid off in execution. We spent a fair amount of time developing a good project charter, scope statement, WBS, schedules, and so on. Everyone worked together to develop these planning documents, and there was strong buy-in. Project management software was very helpful throughout the project. 5. Describe one example of what went right on this project.  One example of what went right on this project is can help improve employee health to reduce intranet cost by negotiates lower employee health care premiums. When employee has a better health, it can lead to better performance in daily company operation. Beside that, it also can increase employee motivation and loyalty to company and help company built up healthy image to public. 6. Describe one example of what went wrong on this project. One example of what went wrong on this project is the cost of this project was over budget. We did meet our schedule goal, and the final cost for the whole system was about $500,000. 7. What will you do differently on the next project based on your experience working on this project? We will do differently on the next project based on this project is give more care and thought this project for about when we do the estimate time requirements and identify required resources and budget. We must very carefully when our choose the resources because we should take budget to identify it and should be wise to control the over-budget.

Educational system in 1920’s in America Essay

Around the year of 1920s, there were two types of schools in Americas education system. Generally, it consists of Public Schools and Private Schools. The Oregon School System does play a crucial role in their countrys education system, started from the year of 1922. A group of people which is also known as Ku Klux Klan and the Scottish Rite Masons had also involved in the formulation of educational system for the sake of the society in that time. They set the requirements of education for their young generations in that period of time. Basically, it requires all of the young generations especially children, who are free from physically disability, live more than three miles from the nearest road, have already completed the eighth grade in their previous school, and their age must be ranges from 8 to 16, to attend the Public School to further their studies. By the effecting of state law in 1 June 1925, it required all of the children in America to attend the public schools instead of neither private schools nor parochial schools. In order to ensure that such system is fully obeyed and followed by the parents, those parents who did not send their children to such schools will receive some punishments. They can be fined one hundred dollar or get into jail up to one month or both of the punishments. (http://www.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/pierce.html)However, this type of education system do brings some protestation and objections from the society. The society especially parents wonder why they do not have the rights and choices to send their children to what kind of school and receive what type of education. Thus, such system was soon been challenged by the Society of Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary, which it was originated from Catholic Nuns. They are promoting a private military school. Throughout such educational school, all orphans and young men between the ages of 5 to 21 will be taught in such institution. (http://www.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/pierce.html) In The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway was graduated from New Haven School in 1915. Moreover, there were some rumours saying that Jay Gatsby was graduated from Oxford. Gatsby studied in college of St. Olafs, which is situated in Minnesota. But after 2 weeks, he quit from the college. Back to the author of The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald, he has attended St. Paul Academy in 1908. While in the year of 1911, he furthers his studies in Newman School, Hackensack, New Jersey. Lastly, he was enrolled in Princeton University in the year of 1913. (http://education.yahoo.com/homework_help/cliffnotes/the_great_gatsby/1.html)Moreover, the educational system in America had experienced some drastic changes in 1920s. For instance, the increases in numbers of students who attend public school had lead to the rises of demand of teachers. Besides that, Red Scare, religious controversy and political strife had also influenced the education system as well. Furthermore, the changes also included the opening of new classes for science subjects, physical education, home economics, geography and industrial arts. The educational system had slightly experienced small changes as well, which has only focus on Three Rs (Reading, Writing and Arithmetic). In 1896, Plessy v. Ferguson established the doctorine of separate but equal schools for minority ethnics. Indirectly, it greatly take advantage of the blacks. For sure, it does insured separation, but definitely not equality in education between Blacks and Whites. For example, we can see that the average expenditure of states and municipalities for educational purpose of white students was far more outweighing than black students. Furthermore, blacks are always being deterred from certain occupation and jobs as well.